Bone Marrow Transplantation

Types of Bone Marrow Transplantation

Autologous Transplantation

In this case, the patient’s own cells are used. They are collected in advance, followed by a course of chemotherapy, after which the material is returned to the body.

Allogeneic Transplantation

This involves the use of donor cells — either from a matched relative or an unrelated person selected based on the HLA system.

Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

The material is collected from the umbilical cord of a newborn. This method is more commonly used in children or when no suitable donor is available.

Syngeneic Transplantation

The procedure is performed between identical twins, eliminating the risk of immune rejection.

Indications for Bone Marrow Transplantation

Diseases Treated by Transplantation

• Acute and chronic forms of leukemia

• Aplastic anemia

• Lymphomas

• Multiple myeloma

• Congenital immunodeficiency disorders

Additional Indications

• Severe autoimmune diseases

• Hereditary metabolic disorders

Contraindications

Severe Infections and Organ Failure

• Active infectious processes

• Severe dysfunction of the heart, liver, kidneys, or lungs

Mental Health and Other Factors

• Unstable psychological conditions

• Lack of appropriate recovery conditions

Bone Marrow Transplantation Procedure

Preparation

At this stage, conditioning is carried out — a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation aimed at destroying affected cells.

Stem Cell Collection

The material is obtained either from the bone marrow through puncture or from the blood after stimulation with special medications.

Transplantation Day

Prepared cells are administered to the patient intravenously. The process is similar to a standard blood transfusion and is painless.

Post-Transplant Care

Includes isolation, strict sanitary measures, monitoring, prevention of complications, and immune system support.

Risks and Complications

Infections and Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

GVHD is a condition where donor cells may attack the patient’s tissues. Immunosuppressants are used for prevention and treatment.

Graft Rejection and Other Risks

Possible complications include:

• Engraftment failure

• Bleeding

• Organ damage due to prior treatment

Recovery

Rehabilitation may take several months to a year. The patient needs regular check-ups, a special diet, protection from infections, and psychological support.

Bone Marrow Transplantation in Russia

Clinics

• N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology (Moscow) — one of the leading centers specializing in such procedures.

• EMC (European Medical Center, Moscow) — a private clinic with a high level of medical service.

Cost of Treatment

Prices for bone marrow transplantation in Russia vary:

• Autologous method — from $18,700 to $31,000

• Allogeneic from a related donor — from $31,000

• Allogeneic from an unrelated donor — from $43,000 

How the MARUS Platform Helps

MARUS is a service that assists international patients in organizing bone marrow transplantation in Russia. The platform’s team selects the clinic, coordinates diagnostics and treatment, helps with visas, accommodation, and patient support. Patients receive assistance at every stage — from initial contact to completion of therapy.