Flat Feet

Causes

There are many causes of this condition. In children, it may be congenital; in adults, it often develops due to external factors:

• prolonged stress on the feet (e.g., standing work);

• excess weight;

• wearing improperly fitted shoes;

• weakness of ligaments and muscles;

• lower limb injuries;

• certain musculoskeletal disorders.

Heredity also plays a role — people with a predisposition are at higher risk.

Types and Degrees

There are longitudinal, transverse, and combined forms. According to severity, three degrees are distinguished:

• first — mild, with slight discomfort;

• second — noticeable deformity, limited mobility, pain;

• third — severe changes affecting gait and requiring comprehensive therapy.

How to Determine the Degree

An orthopedic doctor performs the evaluation. Plantography, podometry, and radiographic diagnostics are used to accurately determine the parameters and severity.

Symptoms

Common complaints include:

• pain in the feet, calves, knees;

• swelling by evening;

• heaviness in the lower limbs;

• changes in gait;

• toe deformities.

Early Signs

In early stages, fatigue, rapid shoe wear, and discomfort after long walks may appear. Early diagnosis is especially important.

Diagnosis

An orthopedic exam includes visual assessment of foot shape, arch height, and gait. The following methods are used:

• radiography;

• foot prints (plantography);

• computer pressure distribution systems.

This allows for selecting the optimal approach. 

Correction Methods

The choice depends on age, degree of deformity, and related factors. Starting early is crucial.

In Adults

In mature individuals, the problem is often acquired and requires a comprehensive approach:

• individualized exercises;

• physiotherapy and massage;

• special insoles and shoes;

• weight control.

Surgery is indicated in severe cases.

Therapeutic Exercise

Exercises strengthen muscles, restore shape, and improve blood circulation. They should be done daily under a specialist's supervision or with an individualized plan.

Orthopedic Insoles

They support the arches and correct foot positioning, reducing strain and alleviating pain. They help slow the progression.

Surgical Methods

In severe cases, surgery is performed to restore anatomy and relieve pain. Full rehabilitation is required afterward.

Consequences

Without correction, complications may develop:

• persistent pain in feet and back;

• joint osteoarthritis;

• postural deterioration;

• reduced mobility;

• limited physical activity.

The earlier the intervention begins, the higher the chance of recovery.

Prevention

For prevention, it is important to:

• choose comfortable shoes with arch support;

• do exercises regularly;

• maintain a healthy weight;

• use orthopedic accessories when needed;

• visit an orthopedist at the first signs of discomfort.

Walking barefoot on uneven surfaces, swimming, and moderate activity help maintain foot health.

Flat Feet Treatment with MARUS

The MARUS platform helps patients from other countries receive flat feet treatment in Russia. We collaborate with leading clinics that apply modern conservative and surgical approaches.

We support the patient at every stage — from consultation and diagnostics to rehabilitative treatment in a health resort. MARUS handles medical document translation, logistics, and selection of the best medical solutions.

Foot deformity correction with MARUS is a professional and safe path to comfort and mobility.