Joint Replacement Surgery

Description of Joint Replacement

The procedure involves partial or complete replacement of joint components with artificial analogues. The implanted prosthesis replicates the form and movement of a natural joint, allowing the patient to return to their usual activities.

Modern prostheses are made from biocompatible materials such as metal, ceramics, and polymers. These materials are highly durable and long-lasting. Implants integrate well with the body and provide stable, long-term results.

Indications for Joint Replacement

This procedure is recommended for patients with:

• Severe forms of osteoarthritis (e.g., gonarthrosis, coxarthrosis);

• Inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis);

• Complex injuries that do not respond to conservative treatment;

• Congenital musculoskeletal deformities;

• Aseptic necrosis.

This method is usually chosen when other treatments no longer help relieve pain or restore mobility.

Symptoms That Require Medical Attention

Reasons to consult a specialist may include:

• Chronic pain during activity or at rest;

• Morning stiffness and limited range of motion;

• Limping or altered gait;

• Decrease in active joint movement;

• Visible joint deformities.

The sooner a patient seeks help, the higher the chance of successful treatment.

Contraindications

Joint replacement is contraindicated in the following cases:

• Active infections;

• Severe heart or lung disease;

• Blood clotting disorders;

• Advanced-stage cancer;

• Serious mental illness.

Before surgery is approved, a comprehensive examination is conducted to rule out possible risks.

Types of Joint Replacement

Depending on the extent of the damage, the following types are distinguished:

• Total replacement (total joint arthroplasty) – the entire joint is replaced with a prosthesis;

• Partial replacement – only the damaged parts are replaced;

• Revision surgery – performed when the initial prosthesis wears out or complications arise.

Types of Implants

Implants may be:

• Cemented fixation – secured with special medical cement;

• Cementless fixation – secured through the porous structure of the implant;

• Hybrid – a combination of both methods.

The choice depends on the patient’s age, bone quality, and activity level. 

Preparation for the Procedure

The preparation stage includes:

• Consultations with an orthopedic trauma surgeon and other specialists;

• Comprehensive diagnostics (X-ray, CT, MRI, lab tests);

• Evaluation of overall health and existing conditions;

• Development of a personalized rehabilitation plan.

Thorough preparation reduces the risk of complications and speeds up recovery.

Surgical Procedure

The surgery is performed in a hospital under spinal or general anesthesia. The surgeon accesses the joint, removes damaged components, and installs the implant, which is securely fixed and restores full anatomical function.

The procedure typically lasts from 1.5 to 3 hours depending on complexity.

Postoperative Period

Early Stage

• Monitoring the patient’s condition;

• Preventing infections and thromboembolic complications;

• Bed rest with gradual increase in activity.

Mobilization usually begins on day 1 or 2 under medical supervision.

Late Stage

• Rehabilitation with physical therapy and physiotherapy;

• Training on proper load distribution;

• Gradual return of mobility.

The full recovery process typically takes 3 to 6 months.

Rehabilitation

The program includes:

• One-on-one sessions with a rehabilitation specialist;

• Exercises to strengthen the muscle framework;

• Ongoing monitoring of the implanted joint;

• Formation of correct movement patterns.

Timely rehabilitation helps patients return to normal life and reduces the risk of complications. 

Joint Replacement in Russia

In Russia, joint replacement procedures are carried out in leading medical centers using advanced techniques and high-quality materials. Surgery is available in Moscow and other cities equipped with everything needed for successful treatment and recovery.

Patients benefit from access to modern technologies, including minimally invasive methods, accurate diagnostics, and individualized rehabilitation programs.

Joint replacement in Russia provides stable outcomes, restores movement, and significantly improves quality of life.

MARUS Assistance

The MARUS platform helps international patients undergo joint replacement surgery in Russia. We select reputable clinics, arrange appointments with top specialists, and support patients at every stage—from initial diagnostics to full recovery.

With MARUS, you can focus on your health while we handle logistics, documentation, and all organizational tasks. We help you choose the best treatment options for a successful outcome.