Сaries
Caries is one of the most common dental diseases in the world. Despite appearing harmless at first, without timely treatment, it can lead to tooth destruction, pain, and serious complications. It begins unnoticed: first a small white spot, then a dark cavity, followed by tissue destruction and inflammation. Even with good oral hygiene, its prevalence remains high. Modern diagnostic and treatment methods allow effective management of the disease at various stages. In Russia, patients can choose from a range of treatment approaches—from traditional to high-tech. The MARUS platform helps find a reliable clinic and a qualified specialist, supporting patients throughout the entire process—from consultation to completion of treatment.
What is Caries?
Caries is a pathological process of the destruction of tooth hard tissues due to microorganisms. The main cause is enamel demineralization caused by acids produced by bacteria living in dental plaque. These bacteria convert sugars into acids, which break down the enamel. The process starts with the outer enamel layer and, if untreated, penetrates deeper into the dentin and pulp, potentially resulting in tooth loss.
Symptoms and Causes
Caries progresses gradually and may not show symptoms early on. As tissue destruction advances, symptoms include:
- Increased tooth sensitivity
- Dark spots or cavities
- Pain from hot, cold, or sweet foods
- Bad breath
Common causes:
- Poor oral hygiene
- Frequent consumption of sugary or acidic foods
- Genetic predisposition
- Fluoride deficiency
- Weakened immunity
- Changes in saliva composition
Stages and Types of Caries
Caries develops through stages, each with different depth and symptoms. The earlier it’s detected, the easier and less invasive the treatment.
- Initial (Enamel) Caries: Affects only the enamel. Appears as a white or dark spot. No pain. Treatable with remineralization.
- Moderate Caries: Reaches the dentin. Symptoms include brief pain with temperature or sugar. Cavity visible. Requires filling.
- Deep Caries: Near the pulp. Stronger pain may occur spontaneously. Treatment requires careful removal and sometimes a base layer to protect the pulp.
- Complicated Caries: Leads to pulpitis or periodontitis. Requires root canal treatment, and sometimes the tooth cannot be saved.
Diagnosis
Early diagnosis is crucial. Methods include:
- Visual Exam
- Tactile Check with a dental probe
- X-ray
- Laser Fluorescence (DIAGNOdent)
- Transillumination
- Digital Intraoral Imaging
Treatment Methods
- Early stage (white spot):
- Remineralization (fluoride, calcium-based agents)
- Deep fluoridation
- Infiltration method (Icon)
- Advanced stages:
- Local anesthesia if needed
- Removal of decayed tissue
- Antiseptic cleaning
- Cavity shaping
- Filling (composite, glass ionomer, etc.)
- Polishing and bite adjustment
Treatment is chosen based on stage, tooth location, and patient preferences. MARUS helps connect patients with clinics using both classic and high-tech approaches.
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